Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Phyllostachys nigra var. henosis, a domestic bamboo species, has been attracting much\nattention; its bioactive compounds (especially in the leaf) show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,\nand anti-obesity activities. Little information is available on the antioxidative and anti-melanogenetic\nactivities of the bioactive compounds in bamboo stems. The anti-melanogenic and antioxidative\nactivities of the EtOAc fraction (PN3) of a P. nigra stem extract were investigated in a cell-free system\nand in B16F10 melanoma cells. PN3 consisted of a mixture of flavonoids, such as catechin, chlorogenic\nacid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl\n(DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)), and hydroxyl radical\nscavenging) was evaluated, as well as the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the\nFenton reaction. PN3 showed in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity with the half maximal inbihitory\nconcentration (IC50) values of 240 �¼g/mL, and in vivo cytotoxic concentration ranges > 100 �¼g/mL.\nThe protein expression levels and mRNA transcription levels of TYR, TRP-1, and MITF were decreased\nin a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with PN3. PN3 interfered with the phosphorylation of\nintracellular protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), demonstrating\npotent anti-melanogenic effects. PN3 could inhibit PKA/CREB and the subsequent degradation of\nmicrophthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), resulting in the suppression of melanogenic\nenzymes and melanin production, probably because of the presence of flavonoid compounds.\nThese properties make it a candidate as an additive to whitening cosmetics....
The safety of 4 weeks� continuous use of NEWATM, a high-frequency facial\ntreatment appliance, every alternate day at home was verified, and its efficacy\nwas evaluated in Japanese individuals with healthy skin aged 30 years or older\nwho complained of sagging of the facial skin. Transepidermal water loss\n(TEWL), melanin levels, erythema levels, sebum secretion levels, skin color\nchanges and wrinkle improvement in the facial skin were measured before the\nappliance began to be used (study baseline), at 2 and 4 weeks after it had begun\nto be used, and at 2 weeks after completion of the 4-week treatment period\n(6 weeks from the study baseline). In addition, data obtained by subjective\nevaluation by the subjects themselves on a visual analog scale (VAS) were\nalso analyzed. Furthermore, skin biopsies were obtained from 3 subjects under\nlocal anesthesia with a 3-mm punch on two occasions, the first before the appliance\nbegan to be used and the second at 1 week after the 4-week treatment\nperiod (i.e. , at 5 weeks from the study baseline), and the specimens obtained\nwere stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for light microscopy and subjected\nto immunohistochemical analysis for proliferating cell nuclear antigen\n(PCNA) and p53. There were no adverse reactions, and the treatment was effective\nfor skin color changes and wrinkle improvement. The VAS results also\nshowed improvement in the skin sagging. Histopathological examination revealed\nno marked changes in the epidermis and very mild lymphocytic infiltration\nin the upper dermis, mainly around the blood vessels and appendages.\nImmunohistochemistry revealed strongly positive staining for PCNA in the\nbasal layer of the epidermis and positivity in almost all layers of the epidermis\nat 5 weeks from the study baseline. P53 staining was negative. The above results\nsuggest the safety of NEWATM, which was evaluated in this study, as a\nhome-use appliance, and also its efficacy to some extent for improving the\nbeauty of the facial skin without any downtime....
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of some vegetal raw materials in\npersonal-care products. Four ethanolic extracts (grape pomace, Pinus pinaster wood chips, Acacia dealbata\nflowers, and Lentinus edodes) were prepared and total phenolics, monomeric sugars, and antioxidant\ncapacity were determined on alcoholic extracts. Six of the most important groups of cosmetics\nproducts (hand cream, body oil, shampoo, clay mask, body exfoliating cream, and skin cleanser)\nwere formulated. Participants evaluated some sensory attributes and overall acceptance by a\n10-point scale; the results showed differences among age-intervals, but not between males and\nfemales. The results confirmed that all extracts presented characteristics appropriate for their use\nin cosmetic formulations and their good acceptability by consumers into all cosmetic products.\nTexture/appearance, spreadability, and skin feeling are important attributes among consumer\nexpectations, but odor and color were the primary drivers and helped differentiate the natural\nextracts added into all personal-care products....
Pollution from air and sunlight has adverse effects on human health, particularly skin\nhealth. It creates oxidative stress, which results in skin diseases, including skin cancer and aging.\nDifferent types of antioxidants are used as preventative actives in skin-care products. However, they\nhave some limitations as they also scavenge oxygen. Recently, spin traps are being explored to trap\nfree radicals before these radicals generating more free radicals (cascading effect) and not the oxygen\nmolecules. However, not all spin traps can be used in the topical cosmetic skin-care products due to\ntheir toxicity and regulatory issues. The present review focuses on the different pathways of reactive\noxygen species (ROS) generation due to pollution and the potential use of spin traps in anti-pollution\ncosmetics to control ROS....
Mixtures of methacrylic polymers are the most common materials for making composites\nto be used as resins for dental and cosmetic applications. Some of these mixtures are composed\nby poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which constitute\na solid component to be mixed with a liquid component made out of methacrylate monomers.\nThe reaction between the thermal initiator benzoyl peroxyde (BPO) present in the solid component\nand the activator of the polymerization process, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT) present in the liquid\ncomponent, gives rise to thermoset materials. In the present study, different liquid formulations\ncomposed by a mixture of two methacrylic monomers, ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and triethylene\nglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) for cosmetic applications, were prepared and characterized, using a\ncommercial powder (POW) composed by PEMA and PMMA. With the aim of improving workability\nduring final application of the material, it was necessary to slow down the polymerization rate of\nliquid formulations. Their thermal behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric\n(DSC) in order to check the polymerization rate. Thermal stability of final materials was determined by\nthermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), microindentation\nhardness and impact tests were performed on final materials, to assess their performance with respect\nto standard formulation. The combination of thermal and mechanical properties allows choosing\nwhich formulations could be suitable for use in cosmetics....
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